Chapter II · Plan & Commit

Entitlements & Project Commitment

Can we secure the approvals and capital?

Stage 5 · Questions, problems & people

Earn the permissions and commitments to proceed.

Locate this stage on the map ↗

Each lead brings the answer together with the people named below. Maya represents the developer and enterprise owner; specialists and public reviewers retain their own responsibilities.

Key questions to answer

Who must review this project, and what do they need?

Confirm the Norfolk land-use path and coordinate building, fire, civil and applicable state environmental reviews. Each reviewer has a distinct decision.

Primary responsibilityMaya · Development lead

With: Morgan (project architect); Eli (site & civil engineer); Noor (power & cooling engineer).

Nina, Ben, Carmen, Devon, Riley and Jordan represent the agency reviewers in the approvals guide.

What can the enterprise responsibly commit now?

Reconcile approval conditions, utility milestones, risks and capital authorization before releasing the next package of work.

Primary responsibilityMaya · Development lead

With: Noor (power & cooling engineer); Sam (construction manager).

The enterprise sponsor approves capital; Pat coordinates the electric service commitment.

Key problems to solve

Separate reviews falling between the disciplines

Maintain a submission and conditions register. Morgan coordinates building responses; Eli leads civil and drainage responses; Noor supplies equipment and system information.

Primary responsibilityMaya · Development lead

With: Morgan (project architect); Eli (site & civil engineer); Noor (power & cooling engineer).

Agencies decide their own approvals; the project team closes its assigned comments.

Treating one approval as permission for everything

Track land use, construction permissions, environmental conditions and utility service separately, and release work only when its applicable conditions are met.

Primary responsibilityMaya · Development lead

With: Sam (construction manager); Eli (site & civil engineer).

Norfolk and applicable state reviewers confirm their own requirements.

What this milestone needs to produce

A recorded approval path and investment decision, with conditions, unresolved items and release gates assigned.

Why this stage matters

Can we secure the approvals and capital?

Approval and funding decisions converge around a credible project, but they rarely finish on the same day. Entitlements establish whether a use or plan is permissible; permits authorize specific work subject to local requirements. Financing commitments have their own conditions, expiration dates and documentation. A project is ready to commit when the team can show that these conditions can be satisfied together.

The decision map

Information becomes a commitment.

Bring the evidence

  • Planning submission and agency comments
  • Funding terms and conditions precedent
  • Updated estimate and critical-path schedule

Ask the right questions

  1. Which approvals and permits are needed in this jurisdiction?
  2. What conditions change the design, cost or schedule?
  3. Will financing remain available through the approval period?
  4. What must be resolved before the final commitment?
Proceed · revise · pause

Pass the work forward

  • Approval and permit register
  • Funded sources and uses
  • Commitment decision with outstanding conditions

People & information

Who needs to be in the conversation?

Planning authority

Reviews proposals against applicable local processes.

Shares evidence with the development lead and the other stage disciplines.

Lender

Tests repayment capacity, collateral and conditions.

Shares evidence with the development lead and the other stage disciplines.

Developer

Aligns design, approvals, equity and timing.

Shares evidence with the development lead and the other stage disciplines.
Reveal overlapping workstreams and information handoffs

Parallel work, shared decisions

Projects move forward together.

Illustrative relative activity, not a duration schedule. A stage can loop back as evidence changes. Select another discipline to see where it contributes.

All workstreams · accessible table
0 none · 1 supporting · 2 active · 3 intensive
Workstream123456789
Market & Tenancy331221233
Land & Approvals123232120
Design & Engineering012323221
Finance & Investment222332323
Construction & Procurement001213321
Delivery & Operations111212233
Stakeholder lens · follow responsibilities across stages
Stage 1 · Opportunity & vision

Set the thesis

See the decision and handoff ↗
Stage 2 · Market & site

Choose the search criteria

See the decision and handoff ↗
Stage 3 · Diligence & control

Own the acquisition decision

See the decision and handoff ↗
Stage 4 · Planning & feasibility

Integrate design and economics

See the decision and handoff ↗
Stage 5 · Approvals & commitment

Align approval and capital

See the decision and handoff ↗
Stage 6 · Design & procurement

Approve scope and contracts

See the decision and handoff ↗
Stage 7 · Construction & delivery

Authorize verified changes

See the decision and handoff ↗
Stage 8 · Commissioning & handover

Accept documented handover

See the decision and handoff ↗
Stage 9 · Tenancy & stabilization

Review performance and strategy

See the decision and handoff ↗
Compare all stakeholder swimlanes
Typical contributions, not contractual assignment of liability
Stakeholder1 · Opportunity & vision2 · Market & site3 · Diligence & control4 · Planning & feasibility5 · Approvals & commitment6 · Design & procurement7 · Construction & delivery8 · Commissioning & handover9 · Tenancy & stabilization
DeveloperSet the thesisChoose the search criteriaOwn the acquisition decisionIntegrate design and economicsAlign approval and capitalApprove scope and contractsAuthorize verified changesAccept documented handoverReview performance and strategy
Investor & lenderSet risk and capital limitsChallenge demand assumptionsReview acquisition risksTest equity need and returnsDefine conditions precedentReview the committed budgetReview eligible draw evidenceConfirm completion conditionsMonitor coverage and evaluate exit
Design & engineeringExplore user requirementsScreen site constraintsInvestigate physical conditionsDevelop and compare conceptsAddress authority conditionsCoordinate detailed packagesResolve technical field questionsVerify systems and as-built recordsReview feedback from operation
Contractor & suppliersOffer early feasibility insightAdvise on site accessIdentify construction uncertaintyEstimate scope and sequencingTest schedule feasibilityPrice packages and lead timesExecute work and record qualityComplete tests and defectsRespond to warranty obligations
Users & communityExplain unmet needsTest location and accessIdentify local impactsReview functional usefulnessParticipate in applicable reviewConfirm use requirementsCoordinate tenant interfacesReceive usable and safe spaceReport performance and changing needs
Operator & asset managerDefine operating objectivesAssess serviceabilityIdentify inherited liabilitiesEstimate operating burdenPlan the operating transitionReview maintainabilityPrepare asset and service recordsReceive manuals and trainingManage leasing, costs and capital plans

Roles may overlap within one organization. The project’s contracts and local requirements determine actual authority and responsibility.

Evidence ownerPlanning authority validates planning submission and agency comments.
Joint reviewThe team checks assumptions, conflicts and missing decisions.
Next-stage recipientDesign consultants receives approval and permit register with conditions and an owner.
Review the risk register
Illustrative judgments · 1 low to 5 high; scores are not probabilities
RiskLikelihoodImpactPriority scoreResponse
Approval delay4416Verify evidence; assign an owner, mitigation and decision deadline.
Funding expiration3515Verify evidence; assign an owner, mitigation and decision deadline.
Unbudgeted conditions3412Verify evidence; assign an owner, mitigation and decision deadline.

Choose a concept. Choose your depth.

Understand what sits beneath the decision.

Optional practice

Put the decision into practice.

Try the enterprise data-center decision, then compare it with the logistics exercise below.

Juniper Ridge · make the call

Are the applicable approvals and start-work conditions satisfied?

Authority decisions, conditions register, coordinated drawings and documented community responses.

Explore this stage in the guided 3D tourEarn permission to build.
The concept is supported, but required start-work conditions remain open. What next?

Logistics comparison exercise

Apply the same development principles to Riverton Logistics Center. This supporting case uses its own warehouse assumptions and preserves your recorded logistics decisions.

Decision studio · Stage 05

How much does a six-month delay cost?

Hands-on

You are the project’s development lead. Price an approval delay and mitigation, then test funding headroom. Use the fictional evidence below, make a choice and explain what you would verify.

Open the project file · 2 documents

Planning response

Add a stormwater study and confirm discharge consent before work starts.

Funding note

Illustrative minimum DSCR: 1.20×. Approval is conditional on budget and schedule review.

Revised construction period24 months
Incremental budget$266,175
Debt coverage1.36×
Commitment recommendation
What your choices mean

Your plan adds 6 months and $266,175 to the detailed no-delay budget. DSCR is 1.36× versus an illustrative 1.20× requirement. Mitigation costs $150K and recovers two months, but it does not guarantee an approval. A conditional revision keeps approval and funding conditions visible.

Judgment exercises accept supported alternatives. Diagnostics need 80% to complete. Saved decisions feed the continuing case; practice reset preserves its last committed decision.